Pat beef dry with paper towel, season generously with salt and pepper. In a Dutch oven or large pot over medium-high heat, heat oil until shimmering.
Add beef and cook until browned on each side, about 5 minutes. Transfer to a plate. To the pot with the rendered fat, add beets, carrot, onion, and celery, and cook until softened, about 5 minutes.
Add beef, beef broth, cabbage, bay leaves, dill, and 1 teaspoon salt. Bring to a boil. Cover and reduce heat; simmer until beef is tender and vegetables are tender, stirring occasionally, about 2 hours. During the last 45 minutes of cooking time, add potatoes.
Remove bay leaves and stir in pickle juice. Season to taste with salt and pepper (I like 1 teaspoon salt and 1/2 teaspoon pepper). Garnish with sour cream and more dill if desired.
Notes
Beets: A food processor with a shredding disk makes quick work of the beets. Cut them into chunks that fit easily through the feed tube.